To medieval Europe and Marco Polo, the country the Chinese thought of as the Middle Kingdom, was called Cathay. Marco Polo's journey on the Silk Road took him there but there is much controversy over exactly what he saw. Emperor Qin Shi Huang, founder of the Qin dynasty and the first ruler to unify China, had ordered the Great Wall to be built a thousand years before the Venetian trader's arrival. He is said to have seen that spectacular creation and since the ancient city of Xian was the western end of the Silk Road, he must have been there.
Even if he saw the Yangtze, "the river of golden sands", or "the river to Heaven", as it was named near its source in the mountains that ring Tibet, he would not have sailed through its three magnificent gorges. The account of his travels however, roused interest in the western world about the mysterious East and about far Cathay.
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